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Quercetin: the Miraculous Super Food
UPDATE: Jan 26, 2021 since first posting this post I have learned that quercetin can be quite toxic to us. I've posted muliple videos discussing the danger of quercetin and some papers. Please see those papers in conjunction with this one.
Have you ever wondered what makes a “superfood” super? Or what key superfoods like red wine, green tea, kale and blueberries all have in common? The answer is quercetin, a natural compound tied to what all of us seek: better longevity, heart health, endurance, immune system and more.
You’ve heard the old saying, “An apple a day keeps the doctor away.” Today, researchers in the field of antioxidants and the effects of micronutrients are beginning to explain why this old adage is more scientifically true than we may have thought. Apples, as well as many other colorful fruits and vegetables, contain a rich amount of a particularly powerful antioxidant called quercetin.
The physiological functions and bioavailability of flavonoids have been widely investigated since their bioactivities were identified about 80 years ago.
What Is Quercetin?
Quercetin is a flavonol—a subtype of potent substances called flavonoids that naturally occur in plants and offer a variety of beneficial health benefits to humans (and animals). It’s a type of anti-oxidant found in plant foods, including leafy greens, tomatoes, berries, and broccoli. Its technically a plant pigment, which is why its found in deeply colored, nutrient-packed fruits and veggies. In particular, quercetin is found in rinds, young shoots, and barks of plants, and is one of the most abundant flavonoids in our diets.
Research even shows that quercetin displays anticancer properties. In fact, there isn’t much this powerful antioxidant compound can’t do, especially when combined with the health benefits of bromelain, an anti-inflammatory enzyme.
All this explains why I strongly recommend consuming food sources that contain quercetin regularly. But what are those foods? And how much should you consume? Let’s explore.
Considered one of the most abundant antioxidants in the human diet, quercetin plays an important part in fighting free radical damage, the effects of aging and inflammation. While you can get plenty of it from eating a healthy diet, some people also take supplements for their strong anti-inflammatory effects. (Its important to note, that if you are intolerant to citrus fruit, do NOT get the quercetin derived from citrus fruit. And some may not be able to take the supplement and have to get it through their food directly.)
According to the Department of Pathology and Diagnostics at the University of Verona in Italy, quercetin glycosides and other flavonoids, like kaempferol and myricetin, are “anti-viral, anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic agents” with potential to be expressed positively in different cell types in both animals and humans.
After the ingestion of vegetables and fruits, quercetin glycosides are metabolized, absorbed, and circulated as types of conjugates in the blood. Flavonoid polyphenols are most beneficial for down-regulating or suppressing inflammatory pathways and functions. Quercetin is considered the most diffused and known nature-derived flavonol there is, showing strong effects on immunity and inflammation caused by leukocytes and other intracellular signals.
Benefits of Quercetin
What are the health benefits of quercetin? There are actually at LEAST seven health benefits of this superfood. Read on for more details on how it can help boost your health thanks to its compounds like isoquercetin; and has potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antihistamine, antiviral, immune-boosting, and other biological properties. Since 1977, many lab and animal studies, as well as a few human clinical studies and trials, have shown that quercetin works in multiple ways to help prevent or alleviate the symptoms of a variety of conditions, including:
Cancer
Canker sores
Heart disease
Herpes
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
Nasal allergy relief
Respiratory infections
Quercetin’s antioxidant properties also appear to offer sunscreen protection against damage to the skin from the sun’s ultraviolet radiation.
The following is a list of all the benefits of Quercetin and how it works in the human body.
1. Lowers Inflammation
Flavonoids, (aka bioflavonoids or bioflavonoide) including quercetin, are important anti-inflammatories because they act as antioxidants, which mean they literally fight the natural process of “oxidation” that takes place over time as we age. Quercetin can help stop damaging particles in the body known as free radicals, which negatively impact how cells work — including damaging cell membranes (mitochondria), making metabolic changes, affecting the way DNA works, increases cell mutations and causes healthy cells to die.
Research now shows us that inflammation is the root of most diseases, including heart disease, cancer, cognitive decline, some mental disorders and autoimmune disorders. The most well-researched effects of quercetin on fighting inflammation have been found in foods (especially fruits and veggies) that naturally supply flavonoids and other polyphenols, so we still have more to learn about the long-term effects of taking antioxidant supplements to lower inflammatory diseases. At this time, practitioners and patients report using quercetin to effectively fight conditions related to inflammation, including :
“hardening of the arteries” (atherosclerosis)
high cholesterol
heart disease and circulation problems
insulin resistance and diabetes
eye-related disorders, including cataracts
allergies, asthma and hay fever
stomach ulcers
cognitive impairment
gout
viral infections
inflammation of the prostate, bladder and ovaries
chronic fatigue syndrome
cancer
chronic infections of the prostate
skin disorders, including dermatitis and hives
2. Fights Allergies
Quercetin is a natural antihistamine and an anti-inflammatory, making it effective for naturally lowering the effects of season and food allergies, plus asthma and skin reactions. Histamines are chemicals that are released when the immune system detects an allergy or sensitivity, and they are what account for uncomfortable symptoms we face whenever the body has an allergic reaction.
Quercetin can help stabilize the release of histamines from certain immune cells, which results in decreased symptoms like coughs, watery eyes, runny noses, hives, swollen lips or tongue, and indigestion. In fact, it’s so effective that it is used in ancient Chinese herbal formulas created to block allergies to certain foods (such as peanuts), known as food allergy herbal formulas. Studies show that quercetin, a natural medicine and phytochemical, is equivalent at fighting allergies as some prescription medications, all with little to no side effects. (Unless you do not fair well with strong anti-oxidants – which could affect some mast cell patients)
3. Supports Heart Health
Because of its ability to lower inflammation and oxidative stress, quercetin seems to be beneficial for people with heart and blood vessel-related disorders. For example, eating lots of deeply colored fruits and veggies that contain flavonoids is linked to a lower risk of cardiovascular disease, and even death, in older adults.
Studies done in animal and some human populations show that various types of flavonoids (quercetin, resveratrol and catechins, for example) can help reduce the risk of atherosclerosis, which is a dangerous condition caused by plaque building up within the arteries. Cut-off blood flow in the arteries is one of the primary risk factors for experiencing a heart attack or stroke, which is why cardiac arrest is less likely among people who eat a nutrient-packed diet.
Antioxidants also seem to protect the body from experiencing increases in LDL “bad” cholesterol and can help regulate blood pressure levels. Certain studies show that quercetin prevents damage to LDL cholesterol particles, and it seems that people who eat the most flavonoid-rich foods typically have healthier and lower cholesterol levels, plus less incidences of hypertension. In fact, if you’ve ever heard that red wine is good for your heart, that’s because it’s a natural source of quercetin. It’s one of the main active ingredients in red wine extract, which is associated with healthier heart function.
4. Helps Fight Pain
Taking quercetin supplements can help lower pain associated with autoimmune conditions, such as arthritis, as well as infections, including those of the prostate and respiratory tract. That’s because quercetin reduces inflammatory pain. There’s some evidence from several small studies that people experiencing bladder pains from infections (causing an urgent need to urinate, swelling and burning) have fewer symptoms when taking quercetin supplements.
Flavonoids are also linked to reduced symptoms of prostatitis (inflammation of the prostate) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). There’s evidence that when patients with RA switch from eating a “typical Western diet” to one higher in antioxidant-rich foods (like uncooked berries, fruits, vegetables, nuts, roots, seeds and sprouts), they experience less pain and reoccurring symptoms, making quercetin a natural arthritis treatment.
5. Might Help Improve Endurance
Quercetin is added to some athletic supplements because it’s believed to help increase athletic performance and endurance, likely because of its positive effects on blood flow. Researchers from the School of Applied Physiology at the Georgia Institute of Technology found that, on average, “quercetin provides a statistically significant benefit in human endurance exercise capacity (VO(2max) and endurance exercise performance).”
While improvements were at times small, it makes sense that antioxidants like quercetin could boost physical performance since they help increase the health of blood vessels, which carry oxygen and nutrients to muscle and joint tissue.
Other studies also show that quercetin helps increase immune function and prevents susceptibility to illnesses that can occur when someone trains intensely and experiences exhaustion. One study found evidence that taking 500 milligrams of quercetin twice daily helped protect cyclers from developing exercise-induced respiratory infections following periods of heavy exercise.
6. Might Help Fight Cancer
A Boston University School of Medicine study published in the Journal of Biological Regulators and Homeostatic Agents shows a link between a nutrient-dense diet rich in quercetin plus other antioxidants and a lowered risk of cancer. Quercetin seems to have potential chemo-preventive activity and might have a unique antiproliferative effect on cancerous cells, making it an effective addition to any natural cancer treatment approach.
Studies suggest that quercetin’s cancer-protecting effects result from the modulation of either EGFR or estrogen-receptor pathways. Flavonoids can help stop the processes involved in cell mutation, the growth of tumors and symptoms related to typical cancer treatments, such as radiation or chemotherapy.
Quercetin is considered a safe treatment approach for stopping cancer, and in the future, we might see it used as a natural therapy instead of, or in conjunction with, conventional methods. At this time, the majority of studies done on quercetin’s effects on cellular functioning have involved animals, so more research is still needed to reveal quercetin’s specific effects on human cancerous cells. This is especially true when taken in high doses above the amount someone would get from a healthy diet.
7. Helps Protect Skin Health
Capable of blocking “mast cells,” which are immune cells critical in triggering allergic reactions, inflammatory disease and autoimmune disease, quercetin helps protect skin from the effects of disorders like dermatitis and photosensitivity. Flavonoids like quercetin block the release of many pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-8 and TNF, which helps stop symptoms related to skin inflammation, even in people who don’t find relief from other conventional treatments or prescriptions.
Studies have found that quercetin’s potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory compounds are natural ways to fight allergic and inflammatory diseases, as well as some prescriptions, when taken in oral supplement form.
8. Protects Liver Health
There several studies that show several quercetin liver benefits.
For instance, research out of the Institute of Medicinal Plant Development at Peking Union Medical College’s Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences found that it had protective effects when administered to rats with ethanol-induced acute liver injury. Researchers concluded that “quercetin, by multiple mechanisms interplay, demonstrates hepatoprotective effect on liver-injury induced by alcohol, by increasing ethanol metabolizing enzyme activities, increasing antioxidant system activities against oxidative stress, lowering the expressions of proinflammation cytokines.”
Further research published in the Journal of Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine liver disease confirmed its positive effects on in studies conducted on mice.
That’s not all. A 2014 study out of Suresh Gyan Vihar University in India examined the inhibitory effects of caffeic acid and quercetin on human liver cytochrome. Researchers concluded:
These findings might be helpful for safe and effective use of polyphenols in clinical practice. Our data indicated that it is necessary to study the in vivo interactions between drugs and pharmaceuticals with dietary polyphenols.
Top Natural Sources of Quercetin
So, what foods are high in quercetin? All types of tasty red, green and purple-pigmented plants come packed with quercetin — for example, red wine, blueberries, apples, red onion and even green tea are some of the best sources. The amount found in plant foods can vary a lot depending on where they’re grown, how fresh they are, how they’re prepared and so on.
Some of the top sources of quercetin to add to your diet include:
Apples
Peppers
Red wine
Dark cherries and berries (blueberries, bilberries, blackberries and others)
Tomatoes
Cruciferous veggies, including broccoli, cabbage and sprouts
Leafy green veggies, including spinach, kale
Citrus fruits
Cocoa
Cranberries
Whole grains, including buckwheat
Raw asparagus
Capers
Raw red onion
Olive oil
Black and green tea
Beans/legumes
Herbs, including sage, American elder, St. John’s wort and ginkgo biloba
How Does Quercetin Work and How Much Do We Need?
Research shows that anti-inflammatory foods containing quercetin can help manage a number of inflammatory health problems, including heart disease and blood vessel problems, allergies, infections, chronic fatigue, and symptoms related to autoimmune disorders like arthritis. How exactly do flavonoids benefit us?
It all comes down to antioxidant foods‘ ability to be “scavenge free radicals.” As a major bioflavonoid in our diets, quercetin (a type of “polyphenolic antioxidant”) helps slow the aging progress because it lessens the effects of oxidative stress on the body. Oxidative stress takes place in all of us but is increased by things like a poor diet, high levels of stress, a lack of sleep and exposure to chemical toxins.
Quercetin plays a role in regulating the immune system’s response to outside stressors through cell signaling pathways called kinases and phosphatases, two types of enzyme and membrane proteins needed for proper cellular function.
Quercetin Dosage Recommendations:
There isn’t really a daily recommended amount of quercetin intake, so dosage recommendations can vary depending on you and your tolerances. Estimates show that most people typically get between five and 40 milligrams of it a day from eating common plant foods; however, if you stick with a nutrient-dense diet overall, you’re likely to take in much more — as much as 500 milligrams daily according to some reports!
Optimal doses of quercetin have not been established for any specific conditions by the FDA or any other governing health authority at this time, so it’s up to you and your doctor to decide what amount works best for you.
For people who turn to quercetin supplements, common oral dosages are 500 milligrams taken twice daily, but it’s also definitely possible to experience benefits when taking much lower dosages.
Quercetin supplements are available in all types of pills or capsules and are commonly used in formulas along with bromelain, another anti-inflammatory enzyme found in pineapples that is also useful for fighting allergies. When buying capsules or supplements, make sure to purchase from a reputable brand and read ingredients carefully, since the amount of active ingredient can vary widely depending on the manufacturer (which is one reason it’s hard to recommend a specific dose).
Some of the most common types of supplements include quercetin 3, quercetin 3 glucoside, quercetin aglycone, isoquercetin, quercetin 7 rutinoside and quercetin 3 0 rhamnoside.
Are There Any Side Effects of Quercetin Supplements?
Because it’s derived naturally from foods, quercetin seems to be safe for almost everyone and poses little risks. Most studies have found little to no side effects in people eating nutrient-dense diets high in quercetin or taking supplements by mouth short term. Amounts up to 500 milligrams taken twice daily for 12 weeks appear to be very safe.
If you have difficulty tolerating high anti-oxidant foods, you may not be able to tolerate it as a supplement!! You may have to get it strictly from your food.
However, of course, in very high doses there are some risks, including headaches and tingling of the arms and legs. Very high doses taken intravenously have also been linked to cases of kidney damage, although this seems very rare. It’s also possible that quercetin supplementation can interact with the effectiveness of antibiotics, chemotherapy and blood-thinner medications, so use caution if you currently take any of these.
For women who are pregnant or breastfeeding, it doesn’t seem to have any negative effects, although there hasn’t been much research done in this population so it’s always a good idea to talk it over with your doctor first.
Final Thoughts
Quercetin is a type of flavonoid antioxidant that’s found in plant foods, including leafy greens, tomatoes, berries and broccoli. It’s technically considered a “plant pigment,” which is exactly why it’s found in deeply colored, nutrient-packed fruits and veggies.
According to the Department of Pathology and Diagnostics at the University of Verona in Italy, quercetin glycosides, like isoquercetin, and other flavonoids like kaempferol are “anti-viral, anti-microbial, andi-diabetic, anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic agents” with potential to be expressed positively in different cell types in both animals and humans.
Quercetin might help lower inflammation, fight allergies, support heart health, combat pain, potentially improve endurance, fight cancer, and protect skin and liver health.
Some of the top sources include apples, peppers, red wine, dark cherries, tomatoes, cruciferous and leafy green veggies, citrus fruits, whole grains, legumes, herbs, and more.
Thereafter, quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucuronide (Q3GA) (a major metabolite of quercetin) is distributed throughout the body where it may exert beneficial functions in target tissues.
Hydrophilic Q3GA has been found to be broken down into into hydrophobic quercetin aglycone at injured sites which, in turn, may improve the pathological conditions.
This review presents updated information on the biological aspects and mechanisms of action of quercetin and its related polyphenols. In particular, new insights into their beneficial health effects on the brain, blood vessels, muscle, and intestine
Love and Light,
Happy Healing!!
Donna Kay
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